Free Radicals, ALS and C60 Hydrated Fullerenes

 ALS and the ice bucket challenge has been getting a lot of media coverage, with over  $3 million being raised so far in Canada. What causes  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)  ?

 

Simple. Like most other human diseases it's Oxidative stress or excess free radicals, which C60 Hydrated Fullerenes, an ultra high, safe, enzymatic universal antioxidant from Ukraine neutralize.
See Below

 

Front Cell Neurosci.... 2014 May 13;8:131. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00131. eCollection 2014.

 

The role of oxidative stress in degeneration of the neuromuscular junction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Pollari E1, Goldsteins G2, Bart G3, Koistinaho J2, Giniatullin R4.

 

Author information • 1Molecular Brain Research Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio, Finland ; Experimental Neurology - Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurosciences, Vesalius Research Center, KULeuven - University of Leuven Leuven, Belgium. • 2Molecular Brain Research Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio, Finland. • 3Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio, Finland. • 4Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio, Finland ; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Kazan Federal University Kazan, Russia.

Abstract

 

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the progressive loss of motoneurons and degradation of the neuromuscular junctions (NMJ). Consistent with the dying-back hypothesis of motoneuron degeneration the decline in synaptic function initiates from the presynaptic terminals in ALS. Oxidative stress is a major contributory factor to ALS pathology and affects the presynaptic transmitter releasing machinery. Indeed, in ALS mouse models nerve terminals are sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) suggesting that oxidative stress, along with compromised mitochondria and increased intracellular Ca(2+) amplifies the presynaptic decline in NMJ. This initial dysfunction is followed by a neurodegeneration induced by inflammatory agents and loss of trophic support. To develop effective therapeutic approaches against ALS, it is important to identify the mechanisms underlying the initial pathological events. Given the role of oxidative stress in ALS, targeted antioxidant treatments could be a promising therapeutic approach. However, the complex nature of ALS and failure of monotherapies suggest that an antioxidant therapy should be accompanied by anti-inflammatory interventions to enhance the restoration of the redox balance. KEYWORDS: ALS; ROS; neurodegeneration; neuromuscular junction; oxidative stress
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24860432